CentOSのLVMの拡張
VMware側では単にハードディスクの容量を増やしただけでは、CentOS側で使用可能なディスク容量は増えません。
使用可能なディスク容量を増やすにはLVM(logical volume manager)を使って増やす必要があります。
1. terminalを開きスーパーユーザーになる
[centos@localhost ~]$ su
Password:
2. メガバイト単位でファイルシステムのディスク使用状況を表示する
[root@localhost centos]# df -m
Filesystem 1M-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_centos6-lv_root
47826 18183 29158 39% /
tmpfs 3936 1 3935 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 485 32 428 7% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_centos6-lv_home
46557 9050 35143 21% /home
.host:/ 1907343 1302391 604952 69% /mnt/hgfs
/dev/mapper/vg_centos6-lv_rootを見ると39%仕様となっている。
3. ハードディスクのパーティションを確認する
[root@localhost centos]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 161.1 GB, 161061273600 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19581 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00060a7b
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 64 13055 104344576 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/dm-0: 50.9 GB, 50939822080 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6193 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/dm-0 doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/dm-1: 6308 MB, 6308233216 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 766 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/dm-1 doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/dm-2: 49.6 GB, 49597644800 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6029 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/dm-2 doesn't contain a valid partition table
/dev/sdaを使ってるっぽい（小声）
4. ハードディスクのパーティションを設定する
[root@localhost centos]# fdisk /dev/sda
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
4-1. /dev/sdaのパーティション情報を表示する
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 161.1 GB, 161061273600 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19581 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00060a7b
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 64 13055 104344576 8e Linux LVM
4-2. 新しいパーティションを作成する
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 3
First cylinder (13055-19581, default 13055): 13055
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (13055-19581, default 19581): 19581
4-3. /dev/sdaのパーティション情報を表示する
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 161.1 GB, 161061273600 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19581 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00060a7b
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 64 13055 104344576 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 13055 19581 52426782+ 83 Linux
/dev/sda3が新たに追加されている
4-4. /dev/sda3のパーティション・タイプを83のLinuxから8eのLinux LVMへ変更する
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 3
Hex code (type L to list codes): L
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ee GPT
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 64 Novell Netware af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 65 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 70 DiskSecure Mult b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot ff BBT
1e Hidden W95 FAT1
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 3 to 8e (Linux LVM)
4-5. /dev/sdaのパーティション情報を表示する
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 161.1 GB, 161061273600 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 19581 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00060a7b
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 64 13055 104344576 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 13055 19581 52426782+ 8e Linux LVM
4-6. パーティション情報を書き込んで終了する
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost centos]#
5 CentOSを再起動する
6. terminalを開きスーパーユーザーになる
[centos@localhost ~]$ su
Password:
7. 物理ボリューム(Physical Volume)の作成
[root@localhost centos]# pvcreate /dev/sda3
Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created
8．ボリュームグループを表示する
[root@localhost centos]# vgdisplay -v
Finding all volume groups
Finding volume group "vg_centos6"
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg_centos6
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 4
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 3
Open LV 3
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 99.51 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 25474
Alloc PE / Size 25474 / 99.51 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID PtUDsL-3HSo-lU9p-NqI4-jMFv-ckQE-FRRZgv
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/vg_centos6/lv_root
VG Name vg_centos6
LV UUID xIzqpu-Trt4-DQ3L-IZgh-dzPs-HYK7-PoDN0g
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 47.44 GiB
Current LE 12145
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/vg_centos6/lv_home
VG Name vg_centos6
LV UUID JYNJhk-hm1P-aSII-MN8V-mRQA-8Eg2-xnHhe6
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 46.19 GiB
Current LE 11825
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:2
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/vg_centos6/lv_swap
VG Name vg_centos6
LV UUID uSJ3Fe-yzY5-aT3V-TS50-cZ0T-9KmP-w4AyTS
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 5.88 GiB
Current LE 1504
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:1
--- Physical volumes ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
PV UUID f7ryyL-jBUx-1Jte-hpCU-ecAm-gwDA-KADUjh
PV Status allocatable
Total PE / Free PE 25474 / 0
ボリューム名がvg_centos6でvolume groupのsizeは99.51GBと表示されている。
9. vg_centos6のvolume groupのsizeを拡張する
[root@localhost centos]# vgextend vg_centos6 /dev/sda3
Volume group "vg_centos6" successfully extended
10. ボリュームグループを表示する
[root@localhost centos]# vgdisplay -v
Finding all volume groups
Finding volume group "vg_centos6"
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg_centos6
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 5
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 3
Open LV 3
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 149.50 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 38273
Alloc PE / Size 25474 / 99.51 GiB
Free PE / Size 12799 / 50.00 GiB
VG UUID PtUDsL-3HSo-lU9p-NqI4-jMFv-ckQE-FRRZgv
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/vg_centos6/lv_root
VG Name vg_centos6
LV UUID xIzqpu-Trt4-DQ3L-IZgh-dzPs-HYK7-PoDN0g
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 47.44 GiB
Current LE 12145
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/vg_centos6/lv_home
VG Name vg_centos6
LV UUID JYNJhk-hm1P-aSII-MN8V-mRQA-8Eg2-xnHhe6
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 46.19 GiB
Current LE 11825
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:2
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/vg_centos6/lv_swap
VG Name vg_centos6
LV UUID uSJ3Fe-yzY5-aT3V-TS50-cZ0T-9KmP-w4AyTS
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 5.88 GiB
Current LE 1504
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:1
--- Physical volumes ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
PV UUID f7ryyL-jBUx-1Jte-hpCU-ecAm-gwDA-KADUjh
PV Status allocatable
Total PE / Free PE 25474 / 0
PV Name /dev/sda3
PV UUID mUeYL8-A2IB-fGGE-sWwU-pUGG-nsFR-JuByAM
PV Status allocatable
Total PE / Free PE 12799 / 12799
空き物理エクステント(Free Physical Extent)は12799と表示されました。
11. ボリュームグループvg_centos6の論理ボリューム(lv_root)を12799物理エクステントほど拡張する
[root@localhost centos]# lvextend -l +12799 /dev/vg_centos6/lv_root
Extending logical volume lv_root to 97.44 GiB
Logical volume lv_root successfully resized
12. ファイルシステムをサイズを変更する
[root@localhost centos]# resize2fs /dev/vg_centos6/lv_root
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/vg_centos6/lv_root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 3, new_desc_blocks = 7
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/vg_centos6/lv_root to 25542656 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/vg_centos6/lv_root is now 25542656 blocks long.
13. ファイルシステムのディスク使用状況を表示する
[root@localhost centos]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_centos6-lv_root
96G 18G 78G 19% /
tmpfs 3.9G 260K 3.9G 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 485M 32M 428M 7% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_centos6-lv_home
46G 8.9G 35G 21% /home
.host:/ 1.9T 1.3T 591G 69% /mnt/hgfs
[root@localhost centos]#
/dev/mapper/vg_centos-6-lv_rootの使用状況が39%から19%になりました。